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Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua trong khi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 EU r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m BRICS (N\u0103m vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0ng g\u1ed3m Braxin, Nga, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nam Phi) c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau M\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1ecf ra lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang mua c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peter Nolan, thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge (Cambridge University) \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
\u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng trong h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m qua, kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thu mua s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o trong tay. T\u00ednh t\u1edbi nay, lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.
S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xung quanh c\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng cung \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
Peter Nolan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u do \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2009 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 sau:
– M\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng ty.
– \u0110\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng ty.
– Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng ty.
– \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng ty.
– Bia c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– C\u1ea7u thang m\u00e1y c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– Xe v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 6 c\u00f4ng ty.
– Xe \u00f4t\u00f4 c\u00f3 10 c\u00f4ng ty.
– B\u00e0o ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh 10 c\u00f4ng ty….
C\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 50% t\u1edbi 100% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peter Nolan cho bi\u1ebft trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho m\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 3 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay, 2 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, 3 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn chuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1nh xe m\u00e1y bay, m\u1ed9t T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn chuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh cho m\u00e1y bay. Trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4t\u00f4, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.
T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh xoay quanh c\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.
Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a 100 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 3\/5 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 1.400 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 100 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.
C\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u01a1n r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2012, FDI to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb 2.100 t\u1ec9 USD t\u1edbi 23.600 t\u1ec9 USD, n\u0103m 2012 FDI t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfm 79%. N\u0103m 2012 FDI c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1edbi 5.200 t\u1ec9 USD, c\u1ee7a Anh t\u1edbi 1.800 t\u1ec9 USD, c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 509 t\u1ec9 USD, trong \u0111\u00f3 68% \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o H\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c thu h\u00fat FDI t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1edbi 813 t\u1ec9 USD, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007 \u2013 2009, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra 28% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Trung Qu\u1ed1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 66% m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, chi\u1ebfm 55% h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 90% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng trong Danh s\u00e1ch \u201cC\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia chi ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peter Nolan k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho d\u00f9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong Nh\u00f3m BRICS ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.\/.
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\u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng trong h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m qua, kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thu mua s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o trong tay. T\u00ednh t\u1edbi nay, lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.
S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xung quanh c\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng cung \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
Peter Nolan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u do \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2009 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 sau:
– M\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng ty.
– \u0110\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng ty.
– Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng ty.
– \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng ty.
– Bia c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– C\u1ea7u thang m\u00e1y c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– Xe v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ty.
– M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 6 c\u00f4ng ty.
– Xe \u00f4t\u00f4 c\u00f3 10 c\u00f4ng ty.
– B\u00e0o ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh 10 c\u00f4ng ty….
C\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 50% t\u1edbi 100% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peter Nolan cho bi\u1ebft trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho m\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 3 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p mang t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay, 2 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, 3 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn chuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1nh xe m\u00e1y bay, m\u1ed9t T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn chuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh cho m\u00e1y bay. Trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4t\u00f4, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.
T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh xoay quanh c\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.
Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a 100 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 3\/5 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 1.400 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 100 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.
C\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u01a1n r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2012, FDI to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb 2.100 t\u1ec9 USD t\u1edbi 23.600 t\u1ec9 USD, n\u0103m 2012 FDI t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfm 79%. N\u0103m 2012 FDI c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1edbi 5.200 t\u1ec9 USD, c\u1ee7a Anh t\u1edbi 1.800 t\u1ec9 USD, c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 509 t\u1ec9 USD, trong \u0111\u00f3 68% \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o H\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c thu h\u00fat FDI t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1edbi 813 t\u1ec9 USD, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007 \u2013 2009, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra 28% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Trung Qu\u1ed1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 66% m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, chi\u1ebfm 55% h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 90% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng trong Danh s\u00e1ch \u201cC\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia chi ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peter Nolan k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho d\u00f9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong Nh\u00f3m BRICS ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.\/.
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Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, trong khi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong Nh\u00f3m BRICS, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20246"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20246\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dntieubieuna.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Theo Ki\u1ec1u T\u1ec9nh
B\u00e1o T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn (ng\u00e0y 31\/7\/2013)<\/FONT><\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"